python 3.x - sqlalchemy insert - string argument without an encoding -

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the code below worked when using python 2.7, raises statementerror when using python 3.5. haven't found explanation online yet.

why doesn't sqlalchemy accept simple python 3 string objects in situation? there better way insert rows table?

from sqlalchemy import table, metadata, create_engine import json  def add_site(site_id):     engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:password@localhost/database_name', encoding='utf8', convert_unicode=true)     metadata = metadata()     conn = engine.connect()     table_name = table('table_name', metadata, autoload=true, autoload_with=engine)      site_name = 'buffalo, ny'     p_profile = {"0": 300, "1": 500, "2": 100}      conn.execute(table_name.insert().values(updated=true,                                     site_name=site_name,                                      site_id=site_id,                                      p_profile=json.dumps(p_profile)))  add_site(121)

edit table created function:

def create_table():     engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:password@localhost/database_name')     metadata = metadata()      # create table updating sites.     table_name = table('table_name', metadata,         column('id', integer, sequence('user_id_seq'), primary_key=true),         column('updated', boolean),         column('site_name', blob),         column('site_id', smallint),         column('p_profile', blob))      metadata.create_all(engine)

edit full error:

>>> scd.add_site(121) traceback (most recent call last):   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1073, in _execute_context     context = constructor(dialect, self, conn, *args)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 610, in _init_compiled     key in compiled_params   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 610, in <genexpr>     key in compiled_params   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/sqltypes.py", line 834, in process     return dbapibinary(value)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pymysql/__init__.py", line 79, in binary     return bytes(x) typeerror: string argument without encoding  above exception direct cause of following exception:  traceback (most recent call last):   file "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>   file "/home/user1/desktop/server_algorithm/database_tools.py", line 194, in add_site     failed_acks=json.dumps(p_profile)))   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 914, in execute     return meth(self, multiparams, params)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/elements.py", line 323, in _execute_on_connection     return connection._execute_clauseelement(self, multiparams, params)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1010, in _execute_clauseelement     compiled_sql, distilled_params   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1078, in _execute_context     none, none)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1341, in _handle_dbapi_exception     exc_info   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 202, in raise_from_cause     reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb, cause=cause)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 185, in reraise     raise value.with_traceback(tb)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1073, in _execute_context     context = constructor(dialect, self, conn, *args)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 610, in _init_compiled     key in compiled_params   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 610, in <genexpr>     key in compiled_params   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/sqltypes.py", line 834, in process     return dbapibinary(value)   file "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pymysql/__init__.py", line 79, in binary     return bytes(x) sqlalchemy.exc.statementerror: (builtins.typeerror) string argument without encoding [sql: 'insert table_name (updated, site_name, site_id, p_profile) values (%(updated)s, %(site_name)s, %(site_id)s, %(p_profile)s)']

as univerio mentioned, solution encode string follows:

conn.execute(table_name.insert().values(updated=true,                                     site_name=site_name,                                      site_id=site_id,                                      p_profile=bytes(json.dumps(p_profile), 'utf8')))

blobs require binary data, need bytes in python 3 , str in python 2, since python 2 strings sequences of bytes.

if want use python 3 str, need use text instead of blob.


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